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Common ankle injuries

Ankle anatomy

The ankle includes three bones : the tibia (shinbone), the fibula and the talus (Fig. 1). Articulations between these bones make up the ankle joint.

Ankle joint labeled diagram.
Fig.1: Anatomy of the ankle joint.  Click on image to see a larger version on  Alila Medical Media website where the image is also available for licensing.

 

 

 

The ankle is stabilized by the following ligaments (Fig. 2):
– tibiofibular ligaments connect the tibia to the fibula, one in front (anterior tibiofibular) and one in the back (posterior tibiofibular);
– lateral collateral ligaments connect the fibula to the talus (two of them: again one in front and one in the back) and to the calcaneus (the heel bone); and
– on the medial side, a multipart deltoid ligament connects the tibia to the talus and other bones of foot (the calcaneus and navicular).

Ligaments of ankle labeled.
Fig.2 : Ligaments of ankle.  Click on image to see a larger version on  Alila Medical Media website where the image is also available for licensing.

 

 

 

 

Common ankle injuries include ankle sprains and ankle fractures.

Ankle sprain

Ankle sprain refers to injury to any of the ligaments of the ankle joint. This happens when the  ankle is rolled or twisted beyond the normal range of motion and the ligaments are overstretched and torn. Commonly, the ankle moves suddenly outward while the foot turns inward resulting in overstretching of the ligaments on the outside of the foot (lateral ligaments). This type of sprain is called inversion (Fig. 3). On the other hand, when the ankle moves inwards and the foot turns outwards it’s the ligaments on the inside (medial) that are hurt. This type of sprain is called eversion and is much less common.
Ankle sprains
Fig.3 :Types of ankle sprain, illustrated for the right foot, anterior view. Click on image to see a larger version on Alila Medical Media website where the image is also available for licensing.

 

 

 

Ankle sprains are common sport injuries. They can range from mild to severe depending on how bad is the damage and how many ligaments are involved (Fig. 4)

Ankle sprain grading
Fig.4 :Grades of ankle sprain. Click on image to see a larger version on Alila Medical Media website where the image is also available for licensing.

 

 

 

 

In most cases sprains can be treated with rest, ice pack, compression with a bandage and elevation (raising your foot up) to reduce swelling. Severe injuries may require surgery.

Ankle fracture

Broken bones of the ankle, a common sport injury. Commonly due to a direct blow to the ankle or a fall. Pott’s fracture (Fig. 5) represents a typical situation when the ankle receives a blow from the outside resulting in broken fibula at the point of impact. The talus moves outward shearing off a piece of the tibia. Medial ligaments are also injured in this case.

Pott's fracture labeled.
                                                                                   Fig. 5: Pott’s fracture. Click on image to see a larger version on Alila Medical Media website where the image is also available for licensing.

 

 

 

 

Imaging techniques such as x-ray or CT-scan are used to determine the severity of fractures. If the broken bones are still in their normal position they will be immobilized (with a cast for example) to facilitate healing. Bones that are fallen out of place will require surgery. During surgery the bones are positioned back to their normal place, screws and metal plates are then used to keep the fragments together.

                                                                                                              >  See all Orthopedic topics

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Blood flow in vessel, medical drawing.
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Elements of blood, medical drawing.
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Atherosclerosis, unlabeled.
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Atherosclerosis, labeled.
Atherosclerosis, labeled.
Blood clot forms on cholesterol plaque, blocked artery.
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Process of cholesterol plaque in artery, unlabeled
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Stages of Atherosclerosis
Stages of Atherosclerosis
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Leukemia versus normal blood count, illustration.
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Blood supply to the brain diagram
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Stages of atherosclerosis diagram
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Clipart of healthcare icon (cardiology)
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Cardiac arrhythmias ECG/ EKG set diagram.
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EKG and myocardium function diagram
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Myocardial infarction diagram (heart attack)
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Human heart blood flow
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Human heart blood flow
Human heart blood flow
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Blood supply to the heart unlabeled diagram
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Blood supply to the heart labeled diagram
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Human heart cut, medical illustration.
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Left ventricular hypertrophy labeled diagram
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Electrical pathways of the heart, unlabeled
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Heart valves operation, unlabeled diagram.
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Electrical pathways of the heart
Electrical pathways of the heart
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Abdominal aortic aneurysm diagram
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Deep vein thrombosis diagram
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Tetralogy of Fallot diagram
Tetralogy of Fallot diagram
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Ventricular septal heart defect diagram.
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Balloon angioplasty procedure diagram
Balloon angioplasty procedure diagram
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Heart and lungs diagram unlabeled
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Thorax anatomy unlabeled diagram.
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Biofeedback regulation of heart rate, medical illustration.
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Biofeedback regulation of heart rate, labeled.
Regulation of blood pressure through baroreflex, labeled version.
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Blood supply to the head and neck, labeled drawing.
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Blood supply to the brain, coronal section.
Blood supply to the brain, coronal section.
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Metastatic cancer, medical drawing.
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Human circulatory system diagram
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Skin acne formation, labeled diagram.
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Skin blackheads illustration
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Cellulite versus smooth skin, labeled diagram.
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Mechanism of allergy (drug,hay fever, asthma...)
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Sites of eczema on body, medical drawing.
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Eczema, allergic reaction, labeled diagram.
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Subcutaneous fat distribution diagram.
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Herpes simplex virus infection, labeled diagram.
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Human skin anatomy, labeled.
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Skin aging, medical illustration.
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Human skin anatomy, unlabeled.
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Skin cancer staging, medical drawing.
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Stages of pressure sores, labeled diagram.
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Degrees of skin burns, medical illustration.
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Contact dermatitis, medical drawing.
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